Observing the Sun and the Moon

8040 /www/nrich/html/content/id/8040/ 8 2012-01-04T10:43:12 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <mdoxml version="1.0"> <ul id="stemLinks"> <li><a href="http://nrich.maths.org/2486">B</a><a href="http://motivate.maths.org/moodle/course/view.php?id=28">ackground</a></li> <li><a href="http://motivate.maths.org/content/EarthMoonSunStars">More ideas</a></li> <li><a href="http://nrich.maths.org/8041">M</a><a href="http://motivate.maths.org/conferences/conference.php?conf_id=65">ore advanced projects</a></li> <li><a href="http://nrich.maths.org/2482">Read: a</a><a href="http://plus.maths.org/content/hunting-life-alien-worlds">stronomy</a></li> <li><a href="http://nrich.maths.org/5734">C</a><a href="http://plus.maths.org/content/brief-history-mine">osmologist</a></li> </ul> Here are some questions you might explore, or you may have your own questions about the sun or the moon which you would like to investigate: <ul> <li>the time when the sun sets or rises</li> <li>the place on the horizon where you last or first see it</li> <li>the time when the moon sets or rises</li> <li>the place on the horizon where you last or first see it </li> <li>the phases of the moon</li> <li>the number of sunspots on the sun and how they move (<a href="http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/sunspots/">more information</a>) - but it is very important that you do NOT look directly at the sun. The easiest, safe way to observe the sun is to use a <a href="http://nrich.maths.org/8041">pinhole camera</a>.</li> </ul> A paper plate is a good way to show where there are tall trees or buildings on the horizon which you can use for a marker, and where the sun or moon rises or sets. It's also a good way to show sunspots. <a href="http://analyzer.depaul.edu/paperplate/Sunrise%20Sunset.htm">Further activities on sunrise and sunset</a>.</mdoxml> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <mdoxml version="1.0"><a href="http://nrich.maths.org/8040">This project</a> provides ideas for a STEM club for a period of several weeks or even months, as a background to other activities. This would be a great project for a STEM club wanting to combine maths and science in an interesting way. This project is an opportunity for students to plan their own observation schedule depending on the precise question they want to investigate. Because it is open to students to do their own planning, it is suitable for a <a href="http://www.britishscienceassociation.org/web/ccaf/index.htm">CREST award</a>. <h3>What does this project offer your club?</h3> The purpose of this project is to use observation to find out more about the sun and moon and how they appear to us. It requires regular observation and careful recording of data, both useful skills for students to practise. <h3>Possible approach</h3> Observations could be taken each week, although it would be a mistake to limit yourselves to the same day each week regardless of the weather, unless you are in a place where the sky is always clear. You could start by getting students to brain-storm what they want to observe, and what they hope to find out from their observations. Then they should think about how they are going to record their data. It might be helpful to have a trial period of a week or two, when students try out different methods and see which are best - whatever they do needs to be straight-forward, and easily repeated time after time. It is most important that students are warned about the dangers of looking directly at the sun. If they wish to observe the sun, they should make the <a href="http://nrich.maths.org/8041">pinhole camera</a> and observe the image of the sun on a screen or large sheet of white paper. <h3>Key questions</h3> What do you want to find out about? How are you going to collect your data? How are you going to record your observations? <h3>Other links</h3> The <a href="http://motivate.maths.org/moodle/course/view.php?id=28">background tab</a> links to a long project 'Experiments in Astronomy' on <a href="http://motivate.maths.org">Motivate</a>, where this project originated, and where you will find many more ideas. <a href="http://motivate.maths.org/content/EarthMoonSunStars">More ideas</a> links to another set of Motivate resources, 'Earth, Moon, Sun and Stars'. <a href="http://motivate.maths.org/conferences/conference.php?conf_id=65">More advanced projects</a> links to a more advanced set of resources, 'Space Science'. originally used with schools in the UK and South Africa. <a href="http://plus.maths.org/content/hunting-life-alien-worlds">Read: astronomy</a> is a Plus article, 'Hunting for life in alien worlds'. <a href="http://plus.maths.org/content/brief-history-mine">Cosmologist</a> links to a Plus article by Stephen Hawking on his 70th birthday, 'A brief history of mine'. </mdoxml> 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 Observing the Sun and the Moon How does the time of dawn and dusk vary? What about the Moon, how does that change from night to night? Is the Sun always the same? Gather data to help you explore these questions. Using, Applying and Reasoning about Mathematics Real world Using, Applying and Reasoning about Mathematics Making and testing hypotheses Using, Applying and Reasoning about Mathematics Practical Activity Using, Applying and Reasoning about Mathematics Mathematical modelling Applications astronomy Collecting Data Experimental design Collecting Data Data collection Handling, Processing and Representing Data Processing and representing data Applications STEM - physical world Applications STEM clubs