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  <resource>
  <id>6669</id>
  <path>/www/nrich/html/content/id/6669/</path>
  <resourceTypeID>1</resourceTypeID>
  <last_published>2011-02-01T00:00:01</last_published>
  <indexXML>&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
&lt;mdoxml version=&quot;1.0&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;ul id=&quot;stemLinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrich.maths.org/8690&quot;&gt;Warm-up&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrich.maths.org/6667&quot;&gt;Try this next&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrich.maths.org/6677&quot;&gt;Think higher&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nrich.maths.org/6661&quot;&gt;Read: mathematics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance&quot;&gt;Read: science&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_impedance&quot;&gt;Explore further&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;p&gt;V represents the voltage drop across the parallel combination of the capacitor (C) and resistor (R). Find the differential equation that V obeys in terms of $V_0$ and its derivatives.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;mdo:image alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;284&quot; src=&quot;Problem3.jpg&quot; width=&quot;513&quot;&gt;&lt;/mdo:image&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
Make up some realistic constants for a capacitor. Can you solve the resulting differential equation?&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/mdoxml&gt;</indexXML>
  <solutionXML>&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
&lt;mdoxml version=&quot;1.0&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;mdo:image height=&quot;284&quot; width=&quot;513&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;Problem3%27.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;/mdo:image&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
Kirchoff's Voltage Law:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
$V_0 = V_L + V_R + V = L\frac{dI_1}{dt} + IR + V$&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
Current conservation at node X:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
$I_1 = I_2 + I_3 $&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
$I_2 = I_C = C\frac{dV}{dt}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
$I_3 = \frac{V}{R}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
$I_1 = C\frac{dV}{dt} + \frac{V}{R} $&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
$\frac{dI_1}{dt} = C\frac{d^2V}{dt^2} +\frac{1}{R}
\frac{dV}{dt}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
$V_0 = L(C\frac{d^2V}{dt^2} +\frac{1}{R} \frac{dV}{dt}) +
(C\frac{dV}{dt} + \frac{V}{R})R + V = LC \frac{d^2V}{dt^2} +
(\frac{L}{R} + CR)\frac{dV}{dt} + 2V$&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
The governing differential equation is:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
 &lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
$LC \frac{d^2V}{dt^2} + (\frac{L}{R} + CR)\frac{dV}{dt} + 2V = V_0
 $&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/mdoxml&gt;</solutionXML>
  <noteXML/>
  <clueXML>&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
&lt;mdoxml version=&quot;1.0&quot;&gt;V = L$\frac{dI}{dt}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
 &lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
I = C$\frac{dV}{dt}$&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
 &lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
 &lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/mdoxml&gt;</clueXML>
  <canonXML/>
  <end_user_role>2</end_user_role>
  <difficulty>4</difficulty>
  <keystage1>0</keystage1>
  <keystage2>0</keystage2>
  <keystage3>0</keystage3>
  <keystage4>0</keystage4>
  <keystage4plus>1</keystage4plus>
  <title>Differential electricity</title>
  <description>As a capacitor discharges, its charge changes continuously. Find
the differential equation governing this variation.</description>
  <spec_group>Applications
    <specifier>engineering</specifier>
  </spec_group>
  <spec_group>Pre-Calculus and Calculus
    <specifier>1st and 2nd order linear differential equations with constant coefficients</specifier>
  </spec_group>
  <spec_group>Applications
    <specifier>engineering</specifier>
  </spec_group>
  <spec_group>Admin
    <specifier>Individual</specifier>
  </spec_group>
</resource>